Aqua Lock

/ The Pulse / By

Prevention and Mitigation

By Adriaan Louw

This brief description will help you understand the phenomenon of Aqua Lock (also called Hydro Lock) of engines, an increasingly common issue due to volatile weather conditions, deteriorating infrastructure, and drivers underestimating the risks of driving through water
  • The Rising Incidence of Aqua Lock
We’re seeing a surge in incidents of vehicles being driven through water. This increase is driven by several factors:
  • Unpredictable storms and heavy rainfall are becoming more frequent.
  • Ageing roads and drainage systems can lead to unexpected flooding.
  • Many drivers mistakenly believe their vehicles, especially those marketed for off-road use, can safely cross water.
  • What is Aqua Lock?
Aqua Lock, or Hydro Lock, occurs when a significant amount of water enters an engine, leading to severe damage. While smaller quantities might not cause lasting harm, even a minimal amount of water in the engine cylinders can be disastrous. Engine cylinders are designed to operate with only two elements: air and fuel. Introducing any other liquid, especially water, disrupts this delicate balance.
  • The Damage Explained
When water enters the engine cylinders, it prevents the necessary up-and-down movement, causing the engine to seize. The consequences can include:
  • Water pressure is significantly higher than that of fuel, leading to deformation.
  • Excessive force and improper lubrication accelerate wear.
  • The stress of trying to compress water can fracture components.
  • Especially with salty water, corrosion can quickly set in, further damaging the engine.
Engines suspected of Aqua Lock need a thorough inspection to determine the extent of the damage. Unfortunately, most manufacturers void warranties in such cases due to the precision tolerances of modern engines. This often leaves insurers facing expensive repairs or full engine replacements, which may not be viable for older vehicles, leading to total write-offs.
  • Modern Vehicle Vulnerabilities
Many modern vehicles, despite having safety features like cut-out switches, are still vulnerable. The primary entry point for water is often the air filter, which tends to be positioned low in the vehicle. This makes it more susceptible to water intake than the exhaust.
  • Modern Vehicle Vulnerabilities
The best defence against Aqua Lock is prevention:
  • Do not underestimate the depth or risk of crossing water.
  • If caught in water, stop the engine to prevent further damage.
Our experience shows that in some cases, gross negligence by the insured can be determined, helping to mitigate claims. However, during sudden storms, many drivers find themselves in emergency situations. Even instances of vehicles in flooded basements being written off due to potential future problems like rust and vulnerable electrical circuits.
We urge policyholders to avoid crossing unknown water and to stop their engines if caught in water for any length of time. This proactive approach can prevent costly damage and inconvenience.
By understanding the risks and taking preventative measures, we can reduce the incidence of Aqua Lock and protect both our vehicles and our wallets.